MCQs - Main Structures of the Nervous System
Main centers of the nervous system where correlation and integration of nervous information occurs in:
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
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Ans: Brain and Spinal Cord
Brain and Spinal Cord are protected by:
Meninges
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Bones of the skull and the vertebral column
All of the above
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Ans: All of the above
Neuroglia of the Central Nervous System are:
Supportive tissue
Nerve cells
Nerve fibres
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Ans: Supportive tissue
The long processes of a nerve cell are called:
Axons
Dendrite
Nerve fibers
Both A and B
Both A and C
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Ans: Both A and C
White color of White Matter is due to presence of:
Lipid material in the Myelin Sheaths
Carbohydrates in the Myelin Sheaths
Lymphatic tissue
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Ans: Lipid material in the Myelin Sheaths
Part of the nervous system concerned with the innervation of involuntary structures, such as the heart, smooth muscle, and glands within the body is:
Autonomic Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
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Ans: Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Innervation
Which is the part of the nervous system preparing the body for an emergency?
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Para-sympathetic Nervous System
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Ans: Sympathetic Nervous System
The spinal cord begins superiorly at the:
C1 vertebra
Foramen magnum
Occipital lobe
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Ans: Foramen magnum
THE SPINAL CORD & SPINAL TRACTS; PART 1 by Professor Fink
Spinal cord is continuous with:
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons
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Ans: Medulla oblongata
At the lower end of the spinal cord, prolongation of the pia mater that descends to attach to the back of the coccyx is:
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Spinal nerve roots
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Ans: Filum terminale
Useful Tips
Motor roots of the spinal cord are Anterior
Sensory roots of the spinal cord are Posterior
How many pairs of spinal nerves in total?
8
12
5
31
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Ans: 31
The H-shaped pillar seen on cross section of the spinal cord is:
Gray matter
White matter
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Ans: Gray matter
Medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum are structures of:
Forebrain
Hindbrain
Midbrain
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Ans: Hindbrain
Bridge like structure with large number of transverse fibers on its anterior aspect connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres is:
Brain stem
Mid brain
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
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Ans: Pons
The median portion of the cerebellum connecting the two lateral hemispheres is:
Anterior commissure
Corpus callosum
Posterior commissure
Vermis
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Ans: Vermis
Brain Stem
Cerebellum and its Connections
The cerebellum is connected to the midbrain by Superior cerebellar peduncles
The cerebellum is connected to the pons by Middle cerebellar peduncles
The cerebellum is connected to the medulla by Inferior cerebellar peduncles
The largest mass of gray matter are found in the interior of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter is:
Caudate nucleus
Dentate nucleus
Fastigial nuclei
Putamen
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Ans: Dentate nucleus
Which of the following ventricles in brain is surrounded by medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum?
Lateral
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
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Ans: Fourth ventricle
Cerebrospinal fluid within the central nervous system can enter the subarachnoid space through:
Lateral ventricles
Fourth ventricle
Foramen ovale
Foramen magnum
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Ans: Fourth ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
Fourth ventricle is connected superiorly to the third ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct
Inferiorly, fourth ventricle is continuous with the Central canal of the spinal cord
Fourth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space through Three openings in the inferior part of the roof.
The narrow cavity of the midbrain which connects the third and fourth ventricles is cerebral aqueduct
Ventricles of the Brain
Large, egg-shaped mass of gray matter that lies on either side of the third ventricle is:
Caudate nucleus
Hypothalamus
Putamen
Thalamus
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Ans: Thalamus
The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a mass of white matter called:
Anterior commissure
Corpus callosum
Posterior commissure
Vermis
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Ans: Corpus callosum
Falx cerebri projects into:
Central fissure
Longitudinal fissure
Lateral fissure
Precentral gyrus
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Ans: Longitudinal fissure
Fan-shaped collection of nerve fibers, termed the corona radiata passing in the white matter to and from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem is:
Basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus
Corona radiata
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Ans: Corona radiata
The spinal cord terminates at:
L1
L2
S1
S2
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Ans: L1
Which of the following cell layers in the embryo differentiate to become Nervous System?
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
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Ans: Ectoderm
Ectoderm is formed of which of the following epithelium?
Columnar
Cuboid
Squamous
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Ans: Columnar
Severe injury to the spinal cord is often prevented in the cervical region even with common occurrence of fracture dislocation is because of:
Large size of the vertebral canal
Large size of the spinal cord
Small size of the vertebral canal
Small size of the spinal cord
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Ans: Large size of the vertebral canal
Respiratory failure and death occurs if the spinal cord is completely severed above:
C3-5
C6-7
T3-5
T6-7
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Ans: C3-5
In fracture dislocations of the thoracic region, severe injury to this region of the spinal cord results because of:
Large size of the vertebral canal
Large size of the spinal cord
Small size of the vertebral canal
Small size of the spinal cord
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Ans: Small size of the vertebral canal
In fracture dislocations of the lumbar region, nerve injury may be minimal because:
Of the large size of the vertebral foramen
Small size of the vertebral canal
The spinal cord in the adult extends down only as far as L1
Both A and C
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Ans: Both A and C
Lumbar Disc Herniation
In which of the following regions of the spinal cord, Herniated Intervertebral Discs are common?
Cervical
Lumbar
Thoracic
Sacral
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Ans: Lumbar
In lumbar disc herniations, compression of the sensory posterior roots of fifth lumbar and first sacral nerve root can result in:
Sciatica
Parastheia
Sensory loss
All of the above
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Ans: All of the above
Involvement of which of the following motor root weakens dorsiflexion of the ankle?
Fifth lumbar
First sacral
Second lumbar
Second sacral
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Ans: Fifth lumbar
Involvement of which of the following motor root weakens plantar flexion?
Fifth lumbar
First sacral
Second lumbar
Second sacral
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Ans: First sacral
In lumbar disc herniations, a large centrally placed protrusion may give rise to:
Bilateral pain
Muscle weakness
Acute retention of urine
All of the above
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Ans: All of the above
The anatomical structures through which a lumbar puncture needle goes through before it enters the subarachnoid space are:
Skin
Superficial fascia
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Internal vertebral venous plexus
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
All of the above
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Ans: All of the above
When the patient is in the recumbent position, the normal CSF pressure (mm of H2O) is about:
60 to 150
90 to 160
120 to 170
150 to 180
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Ans: 60 to 150
Which of the following arteries is commonly damaged in epidural haematoma?
Anterior communicating
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
Middle meningeal
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Ans: Middle meningeal
An epidural haematoma at the in the region of the anterior inferior portion of the parietal bone exerts local pressure on the:
Broca’s area
Central sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Wernicke’s area
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Ans: Precentral gyrus
Subdural hemorrhage results from tearing of the:
Meningeal artery
Meningeal veins
Superior cerebral veins
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Ans: Superior cerebral veins
Subarachnoid hemorrhage can result from:
Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm
Arteriovenous malformation
Taruma
All of the above
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Ans: All of the above
Intracerebral hemorrhage in hypertension is generally due to rupture of:
Anterior cerebral artery
Lenticulostriate artery
Middle meningeal artery
Posterior communicating artery
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Ans: Lenticulostriate artery
Lenticulostriate artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
Posterior cerebral
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Ans: Middle cerebral
A spinal tap should not be performed in patients with suspected intracranial tumor because it may lead to:
Sudden displacement of the cerebral hemisphere through the notch in the tentorium cerebelli into the posterior cranial fossa
Herniation of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum through the foramen magnum
Death
All of the above
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Ans: All of the above
